Root Canal Configuration Of Maxillary First Premolar Teeth In A Subpopulation Of Peshawar Using Tooth Cross-Sectioning Method; An Invitro Study.

Background: Knowledge of tooth morphology is obligatory for achieving success in dental treatment. The root canal configuration of maxillary first premolar (MFP) has been shown to be highly varying. The study was conducted to assess the canal configurations in the roots of upper first premolars within a sample population of Peshawar with the help of tooth cross-sectioning method. Methods: The extracted 250 maxillary first premolars had undergone access cavity preparation after cleaning and pulp was removed from each individual tooth. The root canals were located in the pulp chamber floor and then India ink was injected in to their orifices. When the canals get stained the roots were cross sectioned at three levels to assess the configurations of root canals using a categorization method devised by Weine. SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. . Results: Among 250 maxillary first premolars, the common root canal configuration was Weine's type-IV in 30.4% and type-III in 30.0% teeth. Weine's type-I and type II were observed in 24.8% and 8.8% premolars, respectively. Variable root canal configurations were seen in 6.0% teeth. Apical delta was found in 1 (0.4%) tooth. A highly statistically significant difference was observed when root canal configuration was compared with external root morphology. Conclusion: Weine's type-IV and type-III root canal configurations were frequently observed in maxillary first bicuspids.

Frequency Of Developmentally Malformed Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisors In Patients Visiting The Three Teaching Dental Hospitals Of Peshawar.

BACKGROUND: The permanent maxillary lateral incisor (PMLI) shows morphological variations, in the form of different crown shapes such as peg-shaped, cone-shaped, barrel-shaped and canine-shaped. The frequency of developmentally malformed permanent maxillary lateral incisors varies among different populations. The aim of this study was to document the frequency of different shapes of developmentally malformed permanent maxillary lateral incisors in patients visiting the three teaching dental hospitals of Peshawar. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Oral Diagnosis department of Peshawar Dental College, Sardar Begum Dental College, and Khyber College of Dentistry from 1st Sep 2018 to 15th June 2019. A total of 82 subjects were included that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Shape of the malformed PMLI was determined using Computer-aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing software. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages for observed developmental malformation and their types were computed and Chi-square test was applied to see the relation between various shapes and their occurrence with respect to site and position within the jaws. RESULTS: The peg shaped PMLI was seen in 81 (98.87%) patients and barrel shaped was present in 1 (1.22%) patient. The malformed PMLIs was found to be unilateral in 38 (46.3%) and bilateral in 44 (53.7%) patients, with more common presence on both sides 44 (53.7%) followed by right side 20 (24.4%) and left side 18 (22.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The subjects having predominant developmental malformation in case of permanent maxillary lateral incisor was peg-shaped permanent maxillary lateral incisor.

Association Between Trigeminal Neuralgia And Unnecessary Tooth Extraction.

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia is a very painful condition which is presented as severe pain corresponding to spastic shock. This is caused by trigeminal nerve's vascular compression at root entry zone. The pain is induced due to ipsilateral neurovascular conflict. In spite of the condition being known since centuries, it still continues to frustrate the clinician and its pathogenesis remains as enigma to the medical profession. It is very common for these patients to undergo unnecessary dental extraction without any relief in pain. This study was conducted to assess the association between trigeminal neuralgia and unnecessary tooth extraction. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January 2017 and July 2019 in the Department of Dentistry of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. A total of fifty-three cases with Trigeminal neuralgia were included. All the patients were evaluated by history, clinical examination and local anaesthetic injection. RESULTS: Fifty-three Trigeminal neuralgia cases were enrolled in this study; out of which 22 cases (41.5%) were males and 31cases (58.5%) were females. Mean age of all the patients was 53.90 years. Twenty-nine patients (54.7%) had their right side involved, while the left side was involved in 23 patients (43.4%). In only one case (1.9%) there was bilateral involvement. Regarding tooth extraction unnecessary extraction were reported by 25 (47.1%) patients before they were diagnosed to have trigeminal neuralgia. The Maxillary first Premolar was the most common tooth extracted. CONCLUSIONS: Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most severe painful condition of the maxillofacial region which can confuse the patient and the Dentist with toothache. Patient should be evaluated in detail to rule out trigeminal Neuralgia before tooth extraction.

Aesthetic Evaluation Of The Lower Third Of The Face Comparing Cephalometric And Photographic Analysis Considering Nasolabial And Labiomental Angles In Young Adult Pakistani Population.

BACKGROUND: Although the results derived from orthodontic treatment are focused at attaining an aesthetically pleasing soft tissue profile as directed by Angle's paradigm, however hard tissue including bone and tooth dimensions also play a pivotal role in attaining the set goal. This study was focused on evaluating the comparison of photographs and cephalometric radiographic images to dictate the differences that might occur when the same aesthetic evaluation technique is applied. A cross sectional comparative study was carried out at Frontier college of dentistry, Abbottabad and Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore from June to November 2020. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 60 subjects were incorporated as part of the study amongst which lateral cephalometric radiographic images and photographs, other diagnostic records such as dental casts were procured. The same analysis was applied to assess the lower third of the face in both the photographs and the radiographs with focus on the Labiomental and nasolabial angles for comparison. RESULTS: The normal value of Nasolabial angle 102.10°±3.126° (NLA2) indicates the relationship of nose and upper lip which is within the normal range for the age group selected. No significant difference was found between the nasolabial angles measured by two separate methods (p-value is 0.67). Mean labiomental angle was found to be 120.70°±6.46°(LNA1) and 121.60°±5.386 degrees °(LMA2) respectively, which was within the normal range for the age group selected. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference in the assessment of lower facial height and aesthetics between lateral cephalometric radiographic images and photographs taken from the camera.

Clinico-radiographic study of odontogenic cysts at a tertiary care centre.

BACKGROUND: Cysts of the jaws constitute an important pathology in the oral and maxillofacial region and are broadly classified as odontogenic and non-odontogenic. Objective of this study was to document the clinical and radiographic presentation of odontogenic cysts at a tertiary care centre. METHODS: In this descriptive case-series, patients presenting with features of suspected cystic lesions of the jaws were investigated using radiographs and incisional biopsy. Subjects showing clinico- radiographic features of odontogenic cyst(s) with subsequent confirmation on histopathological examination were included. RESULTS: A total of 112 subjects were investigated for suspected jaw cysts and cystic diagnosis of odontogenic cysts was confirmed in 100 patients with 53 males (53%) and 47 females (47%). The age range of patients was from 12-55 years. Radicular cyst was the most commonly diagnosed odontogenic cyst (63%) followed by dentigerous cyst (22%) and odontogenickeratocyst (14%). Anterior maxilla was the most affected site (44%) followed by posterior mandible (30%). CONCLUSION: Odontogenic cysts constitute an established pathology affecting the jaws with varying frequency. This study augments the data cited from Western countries and re-emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and prompt management. It also highlights the differences in the presentation of odontogenic cysts as observed in the current series.

Presentation of maxillofacial injuries in the 2005 earthquake victims.

BACKGROUND: Earthquakes cause a lot of damage to life and property. Maxillofacial injuries constitute an important proportion of injuries in earthquakes and some 13% of the trauma patients after the earthquakes suffer from maxillofacial injuries. The objective of this study was to assess the presentation of maxillofacial injuries in earthquake victims. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Section Ayub Teaching Hospital. Abbottabad from October 8th, 2005 to January 8th, 2006. Three hundred and seventy-eight patients were included in this study in the three months following the October 8th, 2005 earthquake on consecutive nonprobability sampling basis. RESULTS: Isolated facial bone fractures rather than the multiple bone fractures were the commonest type of fractures in earthquake victims. A significant number of patients presented with only soft tissue injuries and no bony fractures. CONCLUSION: Although considerable number of patients with fracture of multiple facial bones were present in the earthquake victims but isolated facial bone fractures and soft tissue injuries were the commonest type of injuries.